![]() ![]() Bizarre animals in the southern mountains Only when Guo Pu 郭璞 started compiling his commentary during the 4th century the supplements were dealt with as proper parts of the classic.įigure 1. The last two parts were originally supplements compiled by the Former Han period 漢 (206 BC-8 AD) scholars Liu Xiang 劉向 or Liu Xin 劉歆. It was probably written during the late 3rd or the 2nd centuries BCE. The second part deals with foreign countries and its inhabitants and contains a lot of mythological stories and tales about strange persons and animals. It was probably compiled during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. The first part deals with mountais and their nature and character, plants, animals and ores, all being features relevant for the ideal performance of Daoist shamans working there. The first two parts of the book can be seen as Daoist writings. 221 BCE) and Han 漢 (206 BCE-220 CE) periods and is the product of a long time of compilation. Modern scholars believe that the book was compiled during the late Warring States 戰國 (5th cent. BCE), or Bo Yi 伯益, one of his ministers, or is said to be a chart of the ding 鼎 cauldrons Yu the Great erected in the provinces of China. Another arrangement divides the book into two parts, the Shanjing 山經 or Wucang shanjing 五藏山經 which consists of five geographical chapters, and the Haijing 海經 which consists of the parts Haiwaijing 海外經, Haineijing 海內經 (four chapters each) and Dahuangjing 大荒經 (five chapters).Īuthorship is traditionally attributed to Emperor Yu 禹, the mythological founder of the Xia dynasty 夏 (17th to 15th cent. The modern version has 18 juan "scrolls" and consists of four parts describing "mountains" ( Shanjing 山經), "seas" ( Haijing 海經), "the great wilderness" ( Dahuangjing 大荒經), and China herself ( Haineijing 海內經). Chapter 4 has 12 subsections (次一), 2 and 4 have four, and chapters 1 and 3 have three.Shanhaijing 山海經 "Classic of mountains and seas" is a kind of early geography of China. Aside from this self-published book, the hypothesis had been refuted by sinologists in the early 20th century. In the field of Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact, one author, Henriette Mertz (1958) proposes that the Shan Hai Jing records ancient Chinese travels in the Americas, and associates the mythical Fusang with Mexico. Earlier Chinese scholars referred to it as a bestiary, but apparently assumed it was accurate. Generally, the book is considered to be a mythological classic. Each chapter follows roughly the same formula, and the whole book is repetitious in this way. Many descriptions are very mundane, and an equal number are fanciful or strange. The descriptions are usually of medicines, animals, and geological features. It belly become his mouth and his chest become his Xing Tian (刑天), A general that had been killed. ![]() However, the consensus among modern Chinese scholars is that this book was not written at a single time by a single author, but rather by numerous people from the period of the Warring States to the beginning of the Han Dynasty. It was originally thought that mythical figures such as Yu the Great or Boyi wrote the book. ![]() The exact author of the book and the time it was written are The oldest part of the present book is sometimes referred separately as Wuzang Shanjing (五藏山經). The book is about 31,000 words long, and is divided into eighteen sections it describes over 550 mountains and 300 channels. It is largely a fabled geographical and cultural account of pre-Qin China as well as a collection of mythology. Versions of the text have existed since the 4th century BC, and by the early Han Dynasty it had reached its final form. Shan Hai Jing (simplified Chinese: 山海经 traditional Chinese: 山海經 pinyin: Shānhǎi Jīng Wade–Giles: Shan Hai Ching literally "Classic of the Mountains and Seas" or "Collection of the Mountains and Seas" or "Canon of Mountains and Seas"") is a Chinese classic text, and a compilation of early geography and myth. ![]()
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